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Environment and Behavior
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Psychological Restoration in Nature as a Positive Motivation for Ecological Behavior

Terry Hartig

Institute for Housing and Urban Research of Uppsala University, Sweden

Florian G. Kaiser

Department of Technology Management at Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands

Peter A. Bowler

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Irvine

Shifting the focus from fear, guilt, and indignation related to deteriorating environmental quality, the authors hypothesized that people who see greater potential for restorative experiences in natural environments also do more to protect them by behaving ecologically, as with recycling or reduced driving. University students (N = 488) rated a familiar freshwater marsh in terms of being away, fascination, coherence, and compatibility, qualities of restorative person-environment transactions described in attention restoration theory. They also reported on their performance of various ecological behaviors. The authors tested a structural equation model with data from a randomly drawn subset of participants and then confirmed it with the data from a second subset. For the combined subsets, perceptions of the restorative qualities predicted 23% of the variance in general ecological behavior. As the only direct predictor, fascination mediated the influences of coherence, being away, and compatibility.

Environment and Behavior, Vol. 33, No. 4, 590-607 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00139160121973142
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