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Environment and Behavior
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Transfer of Spatial Knowledge to a Two-Level Shopping Mall in Older People, Following Virtual Exploration

Nigel Foreman

Middlesex University, n.foreman{at}mdx.ac.uk

Danae Stanton-Fraser

University of Bath

Paul N. Wilson

Department of Psychology at the University of Hull

Hester Duffy

Leicester

Richard Parnell

Scope, a national disability charity for the United Kingdom

Groups of older and younger participants explored a virtual shopping mall composed of more than 60 retail outlets on 2 levels. They were then compared with guessing controls for their understanding of the spatial layout of the real equivalent building. Experimental groups showed greater accuracy in making pointing judgments toward targets not visible from the pointing site, took shorter times to perform route tasks on foot, made better left-right directional judgments, and sketched better maps of the mall. Of the older participants, 2 out of 8 performed at chance throughout. Younger experimental participants remembered better than did older ones on which level targets were located. The study shows that many older people remain spatially competent and that age is not a barrier to the effective use of virtual environment technology, which may be used in the future to increase inclusion of older populations by encouraging their confident use of public buildings.

Key Words: older people • virtual environments • spatial cognition • virtual-real transfer • age

Environment and Behavior, Vol. 37, No. 2, 275-292 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0013916504269649


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Journal of Applied GerontologyHome page
R. L. Davis, B. A. Therrien, and B. T. West
Working Memory, Cues, and Wayfinding in Older Women
Journal of Applied Gerontology, December 1, 2009; 28(6): 743 - 767.
[Abstract] [PDF]