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Environment and Behavior
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Objective Versus Perceived Walking Distances to Destinations

Correspondence and Predictive Validity

Gavin R. McCormack

University of Western Australia, gavin.mccormack{at}uwa.edu.au

Ester Cerin

University of Hong Kong

Eva Leslie

Deakin University

Lorinne Du Toit

University of Queensland

Neville Owen

University of Queensland

Judgments concerning features of environments do not always correspond accurately with objective measures of those same features. Moreover, perceived and objectively assessed environmental attributes, including proximity of destinations, may influence walking behavior in different ways. This study compares perceived and objectively assessed distance to several different destinations and examines whether correspondence between objective and perceived distance is influenced by age, gender, neighborhood walkability, and walking behavior. Distances to most destinations close to home are overestimated, whereas distances to those farther away are underestimated. Perceived and objective distances to certain types of destinations are differentially associated with walking behavior. Perceived environmental attributes do not consistently reflect objectively assessed attributes, and both appear to have differential effects on physical activity behavior.

Key Words: physical activity • walking • environment • destination • awareness

This version was published on May 1, 2008

Environment and Behavior, Vol. 40, No. 3, 401-425 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0013916507300560
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[Abstract] [PDF]